Justārī dar ārāyahʹhā-yi badīʻī-i Shāhnāmah-i Ḥakīm Abū al-Qāsim Firdawsī

Justārī dar ārāyahʹhā-yi badīʻī-i Shāhnāmah-i Ḥakīm Abū al-Qāsim Firdawsī, by Maryam Iskandarī, examines the rhetorical craftsmanship of the Persian epic through verses. The opening section introduces badīʻ, its history, the concepts of eloquence and clarity, and the expressive value of literary ornament. A second section considers verbal devices, including balanced phrasing, wordplay, alliteration and repetition. The analysis then turns to semantic figures organised around comparison, correspondence, ambiguity, arrangement, explanation and justification. Definitions drawn from writers on rhetoric are followed by examples from the Shāhnāmah, allowing readers to connect technical categories with poetic practice. The study pays attention to exaggeration, parallel structures and the relation between sound and meaning. Its concluding discussion considers invention and effective openings, presenting rhetorical technique as a means of expression within Firdawsī’s narrative art.