Nafy-i khushūnat ʻalayh-i zanān va mardān dar khānivādah az manẓar-i fiqh-i Shīʻah va asnād-i bayn al-milal

Written by Zahrā Sāvar Suflá, this study addresses the prohibition of violence against women and men within the family, examined through Shīʻī jurisprudence and international human-rights instruments. Across history, distressing and violent episodes have inflicted profound suffering on women and men alike, women in particular, and despite the expansion of knowledge, violence persists as an acute social problem, now compounded by new forms specific to modern life. Within the household, any deliberate act against a spouse's body, life, honour, property, or natural and social rights — before or after marriage — is treated as illegitimate under Shīʻī legal doctrine and is likewise proscribed under international legal instruments. Domestic violence, the author argues, arises from intertwined individual, familial, and social roots, producing serious harm to the person, family, and community, harm that is sometimes reparable and at other times irreversible.